Regulate Yourself Don’t Blame the Food Industry - 600 Words

Regulate Yourself: Don’t Blame the Food Industry Eating healthy is a major concern in America. Some people believe that food industries are to blame for Americans unhealthy diet, while others think the responsibility for implementing a healthy diet is up to the individual. Mark Bittman, the author of â€Å"Can Big Food Regulates Itself? Fat Chance†, argues that allowing food industries to self regulate what’s healthy and unhealthy has resulted in marketing unhealthy food as being healthy. Bittman has a point: food industries are spreading propaganda in their advertisement about how healthy their products are. The food industry should take responsibility for that, but it is still up to the individual to eat healthy. Food industries should not†¦show more content†¦Self-regulation allows Captain Crunch to be part of a balance breakfast (1). So far self regulation has not been successful because it allows the food companies to advertise and sell food like they want to. Even though self-regulation hasn’t been successful so far, with incentives that could change. Businesses are run by their owners not the government, and regulations shouldn’t be imposed on them, but current voluntary guidelines could be supplemented by tax incentives, which would motivate the food industries to implement them. They would be persuaded to make better adjustments to their product for the purpose of selling and advertising healthier food items. Bittman believes that â€Å"grass roots movements need to make agencies aware that food industry regulations for marketing are needed†, however this is not feasible (1). These are big corporations, their money and comradery will influence the agencies to ignore claims from the grass roots movements. The power of financial persuasion is the method the government should use to get the food industries to self-regulate in a health conscious way. Getting food industries to implement better marketing regulations wou ld only solve a small portion of the problem, education would solve the large portion. It’s up to the parents to educate our kids about eating healthy with the help from the school. The most effective course of action for children or anyone having a healthy diet is being educated about it. The government shouldShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal : Consumer Trust1100 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Proposal: Consumer Trust in the Food Industry I. Convenience. Many Americans don’t know what they would do without the convenience of everyday life in America. The Food Industry is at the helm of this simple lifestyle. If you re hungry, you go to the supermarket and buy what you want. You don’t need to worry about hunting for meat or growing and harvesting plants. Now, all of the hard work involved in obtaining and producing food is the responsibility of food corporations. In their sophisticatedRead MoreObesity: a Problem with Personal Responsibility1766 Words   |  8 PagesResponsibility Drinking too much water will kill you. However, this is not a reason for the government to regulate how much water people drink. There are many dangers in life that the public should be informed of in order to shape their decisions. Eating too much fatty food can cause serious health issues or death, but the government should not regulate what types and quantities of foods Americans eat. The solution to obesity cannot come from government control of what we eat, but instead, mustRead MorePersonal Responsibility And Obesity Essay1823 Words   |  8 PagesIn the United States, there are many people who believe that if it wasn’t for fast food restaurants, they would be eating healthier and wouldn’t be overweight. People have even tried to sue fast food restaurants for their own self esteem issues. It’s ironic that people actually blame fast food restaurants, such as McDonald’s, for being obese. While fast food may be one of the contributors to the obesity outbreak, it certainly doesn’t stand alone. There are loads of reasons why people living in theRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 PagesSelling Fairy Tales Mistaken assumptions by the Disney management team affected construction design, marketing and pricing policies, and park management, as well as initial ï ¬ nancing. Disney executives had been erroneously informed that Europeans don’t eat breakfast. Restaurant breakfast service was downsized accordingly, and guess what? â€Å"Everybody showed up for breakfast. We were trying to serve 2,500 breakfasts Part 6 Supplementary Material The root of Disney’s problems in EuroDisney mayRead MoreERR 2015551 Words   |  23 Pagesact 1998: The national minimum wage is the minimum pay per hour almost all workers are entitled to by law. The minimum wage rate depends on a workers age and if they are an apprentice. Working time directive 2003/88/EC: The law says that workers dont usually have to work more than 48 hours a week on average, unless they chose to. Discrimination: It is against the law to treat someone differently because of a personal characteristic. There are several types of discrimination, such as: Age BeingRead MoreMarketing Case Study9790 Words   |  40 PagesDiscussion Questions 1. Anheuser-Busch, which has been described as â€Å"an American icon,† is now under the ownership of a company based in Belgium.. Responding to reports that some consumers planned to boycott Bud products to protest the deal, one industry observer said, â€Å"Brand nationality is all about where it was born, and also the ingredients of that beer and how they make the beer: Basically, it doesn’t matter who owns it. We are in a global world right now†. Do you agree? Students answers willRead MoreNature of Strategic Management13243 Words   |  53 Pagesgo to Web sites, such as CompareNet.com, that offer detailed information on more than 100,000 consumer products. The Internet has changed the very nature and core of buying and selling in neatly all industries. It has fundamentally changed the economics of business in every single industry worldwide. Slogans and companies such as broadband, e-Bay, e-Trade, e-commerce, e-mail, and e-Toys have become an integral part of everyday life worldwide. Business-to-business e-commerce is five times greaterRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesThe Rack: Body elongate The Headcrusher; Tighten head Witchcraft in context Provide explanation Changes and turmoil in society Maintain status quo Protect position and privileges Challenge authorities = charged with heresy Divert attention Blames witches and the Church becomes indispensible Scapegoat Target powerless or threatening groups Rationale for Punishment Rooted in Christianity Biblical law – lex tallonis (eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth) Penance through physical pain NothingRead MoreIntercultural Communication21031 Words   |  85 Pagesgeneralizations about other cultures, but dont use those generalizations to stereotype, write off, or oversimplify your ideas about another person. The best use of a generalization is to add it to your storehouse of knowledge so that you better understand and appreciate other interesting, multi-faceted human beings. †¢ Practice, practice, practice. Thats the first rule, because its in the doing that we actually get better at cross-cultural communication. †¢ Dont assume that there is one rightRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesorganization growing and prospering, then failing (just as humans do), but occasionally resurging. Success rarely lasts forever, but even the most serious mistakes can be (but are not always) overcome. As in previous editions, a variety of firms, industries, mistakes, and successes are presented. You will be familiar with most of the organizations, although probably not with the details of their situations. We are always on the lookout for cases that can bring out certain points or caveats in the

Socrates’ Speech in Apology - 975 Words

Aristophanes’ Clouds, if read hastily, can be interpreted as a mindless satyr play written in 419 BCE. Yet the chorus warns the reader not to expect the play to have farcical ploys like â€Å"a hanging phallus stitched on† the actors to evoke a laugh, but has underlying seriousness as â€Å"she [the play] comes in trusting only her words† (Clouds 538-44). Even if the play does use some low devices, the play’s message is sophisticated and can be read as a warning to Socrates. Aristophanes is a â€Å"friendly critic† of Socrates and warns Socrates to change his ways for Athens and for the good of himself (Whidden). Plato’s Symposium and especially his Apology of Socrates justify the claims made in Clouds about the dangers of philosophy and Socrates to†¦show more content†¦They are referred to as a â€Å"voice† that Socrates hears, not unlike a conscience, that â€Å"turns me [Socrates] away from whatever I am about to do, b ut never turns me forward† (Apology 31d). Socrates uses that as the reason why he never got into politics, as the majority rule is usually against his own code of morals (31d). Socrates is not exactly godless or immoral for he would not condemn a group of prisoners without trying them separately. His â€Å"whole care is to commit no unjust or impious deed† (32d). Socrates may have moral standards, but perhaps his followers would not. This leads into the charge that he corrupts the youth, for if Socrates can question the gods, they can too. Athenians acted out of fear of heavenly retribution, not morals (Whidden). Those youth found it acceptable to do whatever they wanted because of the apparent lack of gods and thunderbolts coming down from the heavens to smite those who deserve justice. Clouds’ Socrates argues, â€Å"If in fact he [Zeus] strikes perjurers, then how is it that he did not burn up Simon, or Cleonymus or Theorus? Yet they are vehement perjurers . But he strikes his own temple and Sunium, the cape of Athens, and tall oak trees. Why?† (Clouds 398-402). Those youths have mimicked Socrates’ style of rhetoric and argument. Pheidippides is an extreme satiric version of these sophists, as he uses the weaker speech to justify why he has beaten his father and why heShow MoreRelatedPlato s The Apology Of Socrates874 Words   |  4 PagesIn Plato s â€Å"The Apology of Socrates†, Socrates states, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† and he would rather be put to death them stop his practice of philosophy (The Apology). In this writing, Socrates is charged with not accepting the gods recognized by the state, devising new gods, and corrupting the youth of Athens. However, the word apology in the title is not our modern English interpretation of the word. The name of the speech stems from the Greek word apologia, which translatesRead MoreAristophanes’ Clouds a Satyr Play Written in 419 BCE1161 Words   |  5 Pageswarning to Socrates. Aristophanes is a â€Å"friendly critic† of Socrates and warns Socrates to change his ways for Athens and for the good of himself (Whidden). Plato’s Symposium and especially his Apology of Socrates does not discount the claims made in Clouds about the dangers of philosophy and Socrates to the public, even if Plato’s Socrates is less exaggeratedly flawed than the Socrates in Clouds. In Apology, Socrates takes the warning from the Clouds seriously. In Socrates’ speech he disregardsRead MoreThe Reconciliation Of Two Positions1696 Words   |  7 Pagesmost prominent individuals in history, Socrates not only helped to set up the foundations for Western philosophy, but the legacy he left behind is something that is still being discussed today by historians and philosophers alike. Socrates is renowned for standing up for his beliefs even in the midst of death as portrayed in Plato’s account of Socrates’ defense speech, Apology, in which he gave during his 339 B.C. trial. It is in this eminent speech that Socrates is able show the dedication he has forRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Socrates As A Tragic Hero1373 Words   |  6 Pagesthe purpose of existence; one of these philosophers was Socrates. Spending majority of his life in Athens, Socrates exercised his freedom of speech, for which, he had vocalized his opinions to the people of Athens of the au thority of the government and whether if the they are suitable to help society function in a positive light (Brumbaugh 230). However, in the development of government, the conservative government of Athens charged Socrates with religious treason and the corruption of the youth ofRead MoreApology of Socrates Summart924 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Platos The Apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, inventing new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates speech, however, is by no means an apology in our modern understanding of the word. The name of the dialogue derives from the Greek apologia, which translates as a defense, or a speech made in defense. Thus, in The Apology, Socrates attempts to defend himself andRead MorePlatos Apology, Summary, Main Characters750 Words   |  3 PagesSocrates - The protagonist of The Apology, as well as all of Plato s other dialogues. Socrates seems to be a very simple man, not having many material possessions and speaking in a plain, conversational manner. However, this seeming plainness is all a part of the ironic characteristic of Socrates method. Professing his own ignorance, he engages in conversation with someone claiming to be an expert, usually in ethical matters. By askin g simple questions, Socrates gradually reveals that his interlocutorRead MoreEssay Clouds vs. The Apology1649 Words   |  7 Pages Clouds vs. The Apology In Aristophanes Clouds and in Platos Apology we see extensive fictional representations of the historical figure, Socrates, who left us no literary works under his own name. When comparing these two representations, readers often assume, as a result of the nature of the comedic genre, that Aristophanes portrayal of Socrates is exaggerated and fallacious. On the other hand, Platos account is often taken more seriously as a result of the philosophical genre and theRead MoreEssay on The Three Modes of Persuasion: Socrates Apology1331 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasion: Socrates’ Apology In speaking of effective rhetorical persuasion, we must appeal to our target audience in a way that will get them to accept or act upon the point of view we are trying to portray. Aristotle said that we persuade others by three means: (1) by the appeal to their reason (logos); (2) by the appeal to their emotions (pathos); and (3) by the appeal of our personality or character (ethos) (Corbett and Connors 32). When Socrates, an infamous rhetorician, gave his â€Å"apology† to hisRead MorePlatos The Apology792 Words   |  3 PagesPlato’s The Apology is the speech that Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, creating new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens. Even though the title of Socrates’ speech is The Apology, it is not an apology for his actions, but rather he attempts to defend himself and his conduct. The apology has made me reflect on whether a person should focus on improving himself or herself, or should they focus on improving other peopleRead MorePlatos Apology Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesPlato’s Apology is a narrative of the famous speech of Socrates that is made during his trial. Instead of apologizing, Socrates attempts to defend himself and his actions. He is put on trial due to his accusations of corrupting Athens, not acknowledging the same gods as the state, and creating new gods. During his dialogue, Socrates remains very calm and speaks with honesty. He focuses on what is said rather than his manner of speech. When he is first presented in from of the jury, Socrates asks

How to Write an Analytical Essay Free Essays

1In the first paragraph really explain what it is about. Ads by Google Technical Writing ToolsTechnical Communicators Resource. TCS 2 Includes FrameMaker, RoboHelp www. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write an Analytical Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Adobe. com 2Start to plot out what you want to write. Do this underneath your introduction. 3Come up with a main idea for each paragraph. Explain your main idea; maybe throw in a quote that will help to explain it in better detail. 4Back up your ideas with examples. If you’re writing a descriptive essay, consider a personal example. Otherwise, find an objective example to support your analysis. 5Follow these procedures for each paragraph that you need to write. 6State your conclusion. Restate your introduction and leave the readers thinking. Make your conclusion something very brief and to the point that anyone could read. Ads by Google Resume Writing ResultsJob-Winning Resume Writing Services Personalized High Quality Resumes resumes. FINS. com Company brochuresYoung Zeck Image Communications creates high-impact brochures www. youngzeck. com dit TipsBeginnings and endings are good places to use quotes, metaphors, and repetition, for effect, because introductions and conclusions should not have any details or in-depth analysis; that is what your body paragraphs are there for. Ads by Google Paper RaterFree Online Grammar Check, Writing Analysis, and More www. PaperRater. com If you are writing a formal analysis or critique, then avoid using colloquial writing. Though informal language may bring some color to a p aper, you do not want to risk weakening your argument by influencing it with verbal slang. Ask yourself â€Å"What am I trying to prove? † The answer should be in your thesis. If not, go back and fix it. edit WarningsAvoid making your essay too tacky by using too few quotations. Remember that you want to incorporate others’ ideas, too. Don’t try to add useless sentences to make an analytical essay longer; it is better to leave it short and to the point. Make each sentence count. edit Things You’ll NeedPaper Pen/pencil Spell checker (if using a computer) Thesaurus Microsoft Word (if using a computer) Articles for You to Write How to cite How to Write an Analytical Essay, Essay examples

Global Wine Development Tourism

Question: Discuss about the Global Wine Development Tourism. Answer: Introduction The report would include various aspects and wine tourism operations in the region and would also place the size and development of the tourism industry here. The SWOT analysis should be done too for the purpose of identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the area and also the pull factors for the wine tourism would be illustrated in this report. The major stakeholders involved in business along with collaborative working within the tourism industry would also be illustrated. Lastly, the most suitable recommendations would be addressed for gaining sustainability and also ways of enhancing the wine tourism in Hawes Bay, New Zealand (Alebaki Iakovidou, 2010). The Hawke's Bay Regionin New Zealand is present in the East coast of the North Island and is considered as one of the regions for its award winning wines and good quality other brewery items. The Regional council of Hawkes Bay is present in both Hastings and Napier. The region was named in 1759 by Captain James Cookso as to honor the Admiral Edward Hawkewho defeated the French armies that time during a battle. The wine region and tourism is located at the east coast of the North Island and is somewhat a semi circular bay that has a length of 100 kilometers from the north east area to the south east, i.e., from Mahia peninsula to Cape Kidnappers (Alebaki Iakovidou, 2011). The wine region in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand consists of a hilly area located around the coast line all around the central and northern bay. TheWairoa Riveris present in the north, and the large and fertileHeretaunga PlainsaroundHastingsin the south have created good lands for growing plants and extract wine. This region is famous for its wineries and vineyards where people often visit to experience some relaxing time as well as enjoy fine quality wine products close to nature and areas of sources of wine. The GDP of the Hawke's Bay region has been estimated to be US$4.3 billion, comprising of 3 percent of the national GDP. The region is famous for its vineyards and wineries as because it has large orchards and vineyards located in the plain areas. The climate is quite dry and it also has long, hot summers while the winters are considerably cooler and this offers an excellent climate for grapes to be grown in this region. The full bodied red wines are of good quality which has resulte d in making the place known for its wineries (Barber et al, 2010). There are more than 75 wineries all cross the Hawkes bay region in New Zealand. Thus, it could be understood that the present state of the wine tourism industry is quite good in this region and thus many people visit this place for the good quality wine offered in the various wineries and vineyards. Due to the good quality grapes grown here, the wineries have managed to draw in good numbers of people so that they can taste, consume as well as purchase. The wine tourism operators also offer additional opportunities for the people to visit the wineries and vineyards during the wine festivals and special events and can also arrange organized wine tours for the tourists who visit there. Few of the popular wine tourism operations in the Hawkes bay region are Gold Reserve Wine tour, Classic wine tour, Wineries and Wings Scenic tour, etc (Bruwer Alant, 2009). SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses Cool climate Diversity attraction/ activities Good Quality food and wine Close to Melbourne Natural setting for bushwalk and riding Authentic winery experience Deviation of Day Tours Lack of awareness of activities Expensive offers with high quality Industry not remain unchanged of consumer behavior Pool governance in tourism industry Opportunities Threats There are scopes of planning for conferences and event market Market segments in Waiora district There is also opportunity for creating a digital platform and make purchases of wine products easier for the people visiting there The product diversity could be done within the place The skills and knowledge of workers in the wine tourism industry should be improved It has also provided lots of employment opportunities for the people Support activities, including education, research and development and industry bodies Limitation of technological aspects Loss faced due to presence of many wine tourism operators in the region There has been decline in domestic travel rather than international travel There could be natural disasters like bad climatic conditions and forest fire which could deteriorate the proper growth of grape plants Strengths It is one of the largest wine region in Hawkes bay in New Zealand and also has been established quite a long time back. Thus the cultural heritage of this place has been preserved and also the regions art deco architecture and the production of wine in this regions have been clearly showcased. The good climate and weather, i.e., long, hot summers and cool winters have resulted in the growth of good quality grapes. This has made the place popular and also reputed for the production of countrys best red and white wines (Charters Menival, 2011). Hawkes Bay is mostly known for its Bordeaux-blend reds and Chardonnay but aromatic whites are consistently good as well. The climatic conditions have favored the people within that area to produce successful dessert styles too. One of the major strengths include a large number of wineries and vineyards which have included multi- regional entities and also the small sized boutique producers. Together they all share string bonding and produce goo d quality wine from the grapes. The region Hawkes Bay is thus known for its wine tourism culture and offers a wide range of cellar door experiences and also consistent wine festivals and good food (Cohen Ben-Nun, 2009). There is not a specific map as a result of which the wineries n that region differ and create difficulties for travelers to trace out. As the area is located near river, so during heavy rain the orchards are flooded with water and results in destroying the grapes. The distance between the vineyards are long enough and thus could be consuming. The vineyards and wineries owned by the people living in Hawkes bay do not accept credit cards and rather prefer payments in cash, due to which people have to carry more cash. The changes in climatic conditions has also resulted in affecting the production of harvesting grapes and due to this the production of wine has also reduced (Dawson, 2011). Opportunities There have been numerous opportunities like providing employment to many individuals who like to work within vineyards for managing proper yield of grape harvests. There has been economic growth and thus exports has been done which has named the Hawkes bay in New Zealand as one of the most popular tourist destinations too. The quality of wine is very good which has helped in entering new markets in Waiora district and all over New Zealand and in other countries too. With the implementation of information technology in the area, there is additional opportunity of creating a digital platform and attract more people there (Duarte Alonso Liu, 2010). There is limitation of technology and due to this few of the wine tourism operators in this region faced loss. With the increase in inflation in New Zealand, the international competition level has also increased, which has resulted in facing stiff competition and reducing the margins for the wineries. Few companies have even managed to use cheap quality grapes for the production of wine and this has also created negative mindset among the people. The brand name has been damaged and thus the sales have reduced to a huge extent. Natural disasters like bad heavy rain, extreme heat could also destroy the grape plants and further reduce the production level, Therefore, these are the major threats which are needed to be dealt with by the wineries and manage proper production of wine for the people in Hawkes Bay, New Zealand (Famularo et al, 2010). The major attraction factors for tourism e.g. any special events or festivals, unique Attractions The region Hawkes Bay is famous for its very good climatic conditions, fresh quality taste food and also the wine offered here. The place also offers stunning natural scenic views and architecture which are quite luring for the travelers. The travelers mainly visit the place for its extremely high quality wine that are extracted from the grapes right from the orchards and vineyards. There are many vineyards where grapes are grown and are used for wine, raisins and also for other non-alcoholic grape juices. The people who have interest in viticulture and also wine lovers visit this place often and thus Hawks bay has been one of the largest wine tourism region. There are many wine festivals which have been held all throughout the year (Gmez Molina, 2012). The Cape Kidnappers is a major tourist attraction which is an half hour drive from HastingsandNapier. It is a peninsula which was named based on the incident of Captain Cooks voyage in 1769. The travelers could can get within this which is one of the largest and primarily accessible mainland gannet colony that is located at the top of Capes sheer and barren cliffs. The festivals and events are held so as to demonstrate the history of the Hastings District represented as various forms of carvings that represent tupuna, located in Civic Square in the centre of Hastings. These have been carved in wooden posts and the pou are presented in a artistic manner so as to mark certain events and association between the people in the previous days (Koch et al, 2013). The Art Deco trust is well known for its jazz age architecture after rising from the earthquake and fire incidents which occurred in Napier in 1931. In the present days, visitors could see the Napier's decorative and colorful buildi ngs which speak of the optimism and confidence during the early 20th century. There is Splash Planet which is one of the most beloved Hawkes Bay destination where many people all around the world have made lifetime memories. There are many water as well as park rides which are available for tourists to enjoy and thus it is one of the perfect destination for the entire family. It is spread over 6.5 hectares and is a fun for many people, due to which many people prefer visiting this place in Hawkes bay. People could also sense some great adventure in this place as because they can explore the largest mainland gannet colony in the whole world on Cape Kidnapers (Lpez-Guzmn et al, 2011). The adventure tour would also riding in a tractor for experiencing adventure through the tides and also watch a variety of birds. Tourists could also experience horse riding through the vineyards in Hawkes bay region. Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu is the longest place name in the world and it is located in Porangahau, Central Hawke's Bay. It is a must visit for people and is regarded as one of the major tourist destinations. All these fun, enjoyment, wine festivals and various excellent locales have been the major factors of attracting tourists in Hawkes bay, New Zealand (Mitchell et al, 2012). The major stakeholders in this region There are many stakeholders in this region and they have various roles and responsibilities too. The producers and suppliers grow the grapes and use those for the production of good quality wine and deliver those all over the place. The wine makers on the other hand use the grapes by buying them from the suppliers and produce wine and then sell those to the cellar and also export to international markets. The tourists who visit the place are also important stakeholders as because they are the major sources of income for the wineries in Hawks bay, New Zealand. The Government of New Zealand is also responsible for maintaining the rate of inflation stable and make sure that the exports are kept competitive in the international market (Pikkemaat et al, 2009). Proper laws and taxes have been placed as well for the export and production of wine and other products. The exporting agents also play a crucial role as because they maintain connection between the international buyers and producer s of wine in that region. The environmental groups are stakeholders who make sure that the wineries carry out environmentally sustainable techniques for the growth and production of fine quality wine (Presenza et al, 2010). Clustering and Collaborative arrangement The wineries do have collaborative arrangement in place with other wineries and they even work in partnership sometimes for the purpose of generating more revenue in business and even raise the functionality of the wine region and draw in more people. Collaborative arrangement is essential for serving the local people as well as outside travelers and customers who often visit the vineyards and wineries for experiencing some good quality wine from the main sources. Relationship between wineries and clustering could also help in gaining knowledge for entering new markets and ensure international growth and expansion. Clustering has helped to determine the clusters and exchange knowledge, information and technology so as to ensure good quality wine production and also resolve the local issues. The regions where grapes are grown are also located high above sea level and thus the fertile land creates better opportunity to produce good quality wine in this area (Quadri-Felitti Fiore, 2012 ). The clustering and collaborative arrangement has also enhanced the effectiveness of tourism industry in this region and all over New Zealand. Aim of ensuring competitiveness and sustainability Based on the SWOT analysis, the region boosts of some good weather conditions which is one of its strengths, as a result of which many people have visited this place. There are numerous vineyards and wineries which extract good quality red and white wine from the grapes grown here. The region has also focused on some collaboration with other wineries so as to expand its international market scope and also become less vulnerable to the changes in international economy. The Government must also take necessary approaches so as to maintain a proper margin within the heavy competitive international market for wine and attract more customers towards the wine tourism industry (Scherrer et al, 2009). The place is located near to water bodies which has created enough opportunities for the wineries to monitor the amount of water available and also maintain proper irrigation facilities for creating a positive impact on the grape yields. The report presented the various aspects of wine tourism and how Hawkes Bay in New Zealand is a popular place for experiencing good quality wine close to its sources. The present state of the wine tourism industry has been illustrated here along with the SWOT analysis of the region. The major tourist attractions, wine festivals and other events have been considered as major attraction factors for the tourists here. The most important stakeholders and how the region could manage sustainability and ensure competitiveness have also been demonstrated here based on the SWOT analysis done previously (Sheridan et al, 2009). Recommendations A proper map should be presented so that the region is accessible for more people and also the different vineyards and wineries are displayed within the area. A marketing program must be created by the wineries so as to enhance awareness among people and draw in more people and make them enjoy some good stay, close to nature and experience fine quality wine. It is also recommended to increase the number of festivals and wine events held every year (Sigala et al, 2012). Implementation of advanced technology and involvement of social media are recommended as well for targeting the new market segments and influence people to try out the good quality wine from Hawkes Bay region in New Zealand. Reference List Alebaki, M., Iakovidou, O. (2010). Segmenting the Greek wine tourism market using a motivational approach.New Medit,9(4), 31-40. Alebaki, M., Iakovidou, O. (2011). Market segmentation in wine tourism: A comparison of approaches.Tourismos,6(1), 123-140. Barber, N., Taylor, D. C., Deale, C. S. (2010). Wine tourism, environmental concerns, and purchase intention.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,27(2), 146-165. Bruwer, J., Alant, K. (2009). The hedonic nature of wine tourism consumption: an experiential view.International Journal of Wine Business Research,21(3), 235-257. Charters, S., Menival, D. (2011). Wine tourism in Champagne.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,35(1), 102-118. Cohen, E., Ben-Nun, L. (2009). The important dimensions of wine tourism experience from potential visitors' perception.Tourism and Hospitality Research,9(1), 20-31. Dawson, H., Holmes, M., Jacobs, H., Wade, R. I. (2011). Wine tourism: Winery visitation in the wine appellations of Ontario.Journal of Vacation Marketing,17(3), 237-246. Duarte Alonso, A., Liu, Y. (2010). Wine tourism development in emerging Western Australian regions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,22(2), 245-262. Famularo, B., Bruwer, J., Li, E. (2010). Region of origin as choice factor: wine knowledge and wine tourism involvement influence.International Journal of Wine Business Research,22(4), 362-385. Gmez, M., Molina, A. (2012). Wine tourism in Spain: denomination of origin effects on brand equity.International journal of tourism research,14(4), 353-368. Koch, J., Martin, A., Nash, R. (2013). Overview of perceptions of German wine tourism from the winery perspective.International Journal of Wine Business Research,25(1), 50-74. Lpez-Guzmn, T., Rodrguez-Garca, J., Snchez-Caizares, S., Jos Lujn-Garca, M. (2011). The development of wine tourism in Spain.International Journal of Wine Business Research,23(4), 374-386. Mitchell, R., Charters, S., Albrecht, J. N. (2012). Cultural systems and the wine tourism product.Annals of Tourism Research,39(1), 311-335. Pikkemaat, B., Peters, M., Boksberger, P., Secco, M. (2009). The staging of experiences in wine tourism.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,18(2-3), 237-253. Presenza, A., Minguzzi, A., Petrillo, C. (2010). Managing wine tourism in Italy.Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice Volume,2(1), 46-61. Quadri-Felitti, D., Fiore, A. M. (2012). Experience economy constructs as a framework for understanding wine tourism.Journal of Vacation Marketing,18(1), 3-15. Scherrer, P., Alonso, A., Sheridan, L. (2009). Expanding the destination image: Wine tourism in the Canary Islands.International Journal of Tourism Research,11(5), 451-463. Sheridan, L., Duarte Alonso, A., Scherrer, P. (2009). Wine tourism as a development initiative in rural Canary Island communities.Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy,3(3), 291-305. Sigala, M., Christou, E., Gretzel, U. (Eds.). (2012).Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Weezers Beach-Themed Masterpiece free essay sample

The 2010’s marked something of a comeback for Southern California alt-rockers, Weezer. Their ninth album, Everything Will Be Alright In The End, returned to the rock roots of the band’s iconic early albums, Patrick Wilson was back on drums during live performances, and the band went on a tour in 2011 and 2012 playing their two incredible 90’s albums (The Blue Album and Pinkerton) cover to cover. Everything was alright in Weezerville. But the highlight of this pseudo-comeback came in the form of a self-titled release in 2016, colloquially known as the White Album. For the first time in their 24-year-long careers, Weezer delivered a beach-themed album. The gorgeous album art showcases the four members of the band standing in front of a beach lifeguard tower, with a beautiful white aesthetic. Many of the songs’ subjects involve summertime and the beach, though some take a darker approach than one might expect. Weezer took what worked with Everything Will Be Alright In The End, and improved upon it. We will write a custom essay sample on Weezers Beach-Themed Masterpiece or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The lyrics are darker, the instrumentation is more complex and impactful, and the songs are improved overall from its predecessor. Many songs on the White Album sound like they would be at home in a 90’s Weezer album, but many do not. At all. But that is in no way a bad thing. â€Å"Thank God For Girls† is the first song that comes to mind. The song is different from anything that Weezer had produced previously. It prominently features a piano, like many songs on this record, and the lyrics are bizarrely catchy. When I first listened to this album this song stuck out like a sore thumb. I didn’t like it all; I thought it was obnoxious, weird, and the outlier on the album. But after some time has passed, â€Å"Thank God For Girls† has become one of my favorite songs on the White Album. The song is more â€Å"poppy† than classic Weezer, but it’s done in an interesting way that makes the song get stuck in my head for weeks. The lyrics are bizarre, and it does stick out on the album, but in the best ways possible. Although I may not be able to fully comprehend what singer-songwriter Rivers Cuomo is saying, he delivers the lyrics with such emotion, that it makes me care about the story he’s telling. The weird religious undertones add to the confusion, but the unique instrumentation and emotional delivery of lyrics makes â€Å"Thank God For Girls† stand out as one of my favorite songs on this album. â€Å"Jacked Up† is another unique song that stands out as not being necessarily a throwback to Weezer’s older music. The lead instrument in this song is also a piano, and Rivers Cuomo reaches heights with his voice never before seen in Weezer music. The piano chords make the song seem incredibly dark and moody. Again, the lyrics are confusing, but the chords mixed with the high octaves that Cuomo reaches, give off dark vibes that stick with me after listening to this song. I’ve discussed some songs on the White Album that are not reminiscent of Weezer’s older records, but what makes this album a throwback to classic Weezer? Two songs that come to mind are â€Å"California Kids† and â€Å"King Of The World.† Both of these feature power chord filled choruses in classic Weezer fashion, but they manage to be fresh and new at the same time. â€Å"King of the World† tells an intriguing story inspired by Cuomo’s wife. This type of story is one that would never have been heard on a 90’s Weezer album. The instrumentation in both of these songs verses is very clean and unique, something that is unique to this album. Weezer manages on the White Album to create songs like â€Å"California Kids† and â€Å"King of the World† that are reminiscent of their older, classic records, while still remaining fresh and unique. Pinkerton is my favorite Weezer album (that you can read about here) and there is one song on this album that specifically seems to be calling back to that style of Weezer music. â€Å"Do You Wanna Get High?† is performed with crunchy distorted guitars and darker vibes that sound like they could come straight off of the band’s legendary 1998 release. Many of the songs on the White Album are heavily reminiscent of Pinkerton, but â€Å"Do You Wanna Get High?† is a song that would not be out of place on the record, while still somehow retaining a beach vibe that surrounds the White Album. The closer track on the White Album is something that I’d like to discuss. â€Å"Endless Bummer† is an acoustic ballad of sorts with a tone that perfectly caps off this beach-themed record. The lyrics are melancholic in a way that they expertly encapsulate the mood of the White Album. Some songs on this album are upbeat and happy, like â€Å"(Girl We Got A) Good Thing), while some are darker and more ominous (â€Å"Jacked Up†). â€Å"Endless Bummer† works to combine these two moods into one package, wonderfully tying together all of the themes on this wonderful album. Weezer’s fourth self-titled record utilizes a beach theme, never before seen in a Weezer album. Rivers Cuomo’s unique, confusing style of lyrics makes for impactful songs when combined with the strong instrumentation from the rest of the four-piece group.The White Album is a close second behind Pinkerton as my favorite Weezer album. All ten songs featured on this album perfectly come together to create an engaging experience while listening to this album in full.

Could The Essay Expert be out of a Job LinkedIn Introduces Profile Makeovers

Could The Essay Expert be out of a Job LinkedIn Introduces Profile Makeovers I need your help. LinkedIn announced on August 9, 2011 that they have rolled out yet another new feature on their site:   the â€Å"Improve Your Profile Tool.†Ã‚   According to the LinkedIn blog, this tool â€Å"analyzes your profile and offers you personalized profile recommendations to help you put your best foot forward.† Clichà ©s aside, this tool could be extremely useful to you if your profile is not 100% complete, or if you have failed to include key information. Here’s my problem:   I ran the Profile Makeover on my own profile, and all it told me was that I didn’t advertise my date of graduation from high school (I left it out by choice, as some of you might as well); I didn’t list the degree I got from high school (pretty obvious isn’t it?); and I didn’t specify the concentration of my J.D. (there wasn’t one – a J.D. is a J.D.). Where I’m left, as a LinkedIn profile writer and editor, is that I have no idea what other types of suggestions LinkedIn might make to its users who have not optimized their profiles. That’s where you come in. I would love for you to put your profile through the Improve Your Profile process and report back on this blog what the tool tells you is missing or incorrect in your profile. I will then know what advice I should be giving to people about LinkedIn, and what information LinkedIn will take care of.   I don’t want to be duplicating things unnecessarily!   The data you provide will greatly inform the content I choose to convey in my e-book and LinkedIn webinars. To use the tool, start at LinkedIn’s article, LinkedIn Profile Makeovers just got easier, and then click in â€Å"Improve your LinkedIn Profile today!† Are you game?   I look forward to learning from the community what improvements LinkedIn thinks you should make to your profile. I promise to make good use of your comments.   And I don’t really think I am out of a job†¦Ã‚   I just won’t be doing the things a computer can do quite well on its own.   Just in case, though, maybe I should make sure my LinkedIn profile is updated. Any ideas on how I can do that? Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinAugust 15, 2011 22 Comments Elaine Carr says: August 16, 2011 at 3:25 am Well I tried it as well the only things I got back were it wanted my attendance dates at university (left out on purpose) wanted to know if there were any other schools I attended. Nothing else, so not much help. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 8:54 am Thanks Elaine. I suppose theres only so much feedback a computer can provide. Log in to Reply Mark Dripchak says: August 16, 2011 at 5:30 am I received feedback similar to yours (dates of attendance for both undergrad and graduate studies) and one asking for more details for a very short-term consultancy, the title of which was very comprehensive: Proposal and Report Preparation. I was surprised/disappointed that there was nothing concerning keywords. You may not be out of a job after all! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 8:54 am Im surprised and disappointed too Mark, though of course pleased that I still have work to do 🙂 Log in to Reply Steve Kunzer says: August 16, 2011 at 7:42 am Ran the improver on my profile (previously rated as complete) and it suggested: 1. fill in current position (havent updated my latest (temping) position) 2. add another school (deliberately left off schools) 3. add more skills That was all an extremely simple you havent filled in this field, therefore you need to fill in this field. Hardly a detailed algorithm, and not particularly helpful. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 8:52 am Thanks Steve. Pretty basic! Im feeling pretty confident there is still work for me to do! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 8:48 am Well it seems we have a definite pattern here, and that I can keep my day job. Thank you Michelle! Its true that its a good idea to add the Skills section to your profile. You can just enter your specialties there in addition to putting them in the Specialties section. Do what you can to fill them in they are searchable as their own section and some recruiters and other power LinkedIn users will be looking there! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 8:51 am Thanks Larry. I am particularly interested in your response since you have a public profile URL that still has extra symbols at the end (https://www.linkedin.com/pub/larry-sochrin/0/351/7b2). Im surprised LinkedIn didnt catch that and prompt you to create a vanity URL! BTW, I would recommend adding skills like Business School Admissions, MBA Admissions Consulting, etc. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 8:53 am The false sense of security could be a problem. I hope the rest of the LinkedIn community realizes there is so much more that can be done with a LinkedIn profile! Youre very welcome for bringing the Makeover to your attention! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 9:10 am Thank you everyone. This is the most comments Ive gotten on a blog article EVER! Ill have to ask for your help more often 🙂 Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 12:25 pm Guiding light I like it! I think I might use that in my marketing materials 🙂 Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 2:59 pm Thank you Kevin for the report. Who is Elaine? Did you mean Brenda? Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 16, 2011 at 2:59 pm LOL thanks Jan. I can sleep easy now! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 17, 2011 at 6:54 am Strange the one thing I expect from computer programs is consistency! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 17, 2011 at 1:14 pm So it looks like maybe my own webinars are putting me out of a job 🙂 Log in to Reply Judi Hays says: August 17, 2011 at 11:03 pm Not true. Theres always going people new to LI that will need the knowledge your webinars have to offer. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 18, 2011 at 12:44 am Thank you Judi. I didnt really think I was out of a job though I did want to know how thorough LinkedIns tool would be! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 17, 2011 at 2:58 pm Im glad to hear LinkedIn recommends that you fill in a Summary section. Its a key section of your profile! If you want assistance with making sure the summary is written effectively, let me know! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 17, 2011 at 7:02 pm Thanks Avi. I wonder what it meant by Appear in keyword searches. I suppose you need a human to tell you how to do that! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 17, 2011 at 8:03 pm Thanks Leigh! I do recommend adding the Skills section in ADDITION to the Specialties section. The two sections are searched differently so it is worth duplicating efforts! Log in to Reply Judi Hays says: August 17, 2011 at 11:01 pm The only improvement it suggested was to add the dates of my education. Thats not really much of an improvement. I think the value you add is that you are actually reading the profiles. LI is just scanning for blank fields. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 18, 2011 at 12:45 am Thank you Judi. I do indeed read every word when I work with someone on a profile. Log in to Reply

Interpersonal Communication with High School and College Students Research Paper

Interpersonal Communication with High School and College Students - Research Paper Example This notion can be called as "maintained social capital." By recognizing the role of Facebook and filling the gap of social capital, it can be stated that more use of Facebook can enhance the social capital positively (Ellison et al., 2007). A new term â€Å"friendsickness† has become common to express the feeling of loneliness resulting from the loss of past links with old classmates particularly when a student gets admission into a college after finishing school. Cummings et al. (2006) have explored the role played by internet technologies specifically on college-going students. Students maintain their interpersonal communication through the use of emails and short messaging service to remain in touch with their high school friends after they get away from their homes to join a college. Therefore, this measure of students’ interaction with their past companions especially to preserve their social capital by communicating after getting to the next stage of their studen t life by becoming collegiate provides them the opportunity to remain in touch and preserve their school-time friendships Interpersonal communication helps in creating life changing social capital, which students can now-a-days accumulate quite easy way although changes take place with the making or getting away from online links fructified through social networks. Specific changes in social networks can devalue the created social wealth with the shifting in geographical positions wherein the networks were formed, causing loss of generated social relationship wealth of students. Globalization has made people prone to shifting places, particularly in the U.S. people abandon the region for better job opportunities (Putnam, 2000)). Cummings et al. (2006) & Wellman et al. (2001) have explored the part played by internet in bringing communities nearer. Wellman et al. (2001) have researched on the role of internet in bridging the distances through emails by those who use internet increasi ngly in stead of using it as a alternative for offline communication with those living in the vicinity. The link between the use of Facebook, a famous online social network website, and the building and keeping of social capital has been explored. Other than approximating kinship and creating social worth, a new angle of social interaction gets explored that measures one's capability to remain linked with members of a past online populated community, which is named as preserved social value. Regression studies organized on outcomes from a survey of undergraduate students indicate a powerful link between use of Facebook and the three kinds of social values, with the most powerful link being to fill up the gap in social capital. Other than this, Facebook usage proved beneficial to communicate on steps of psychological well-being, indicating that it could offer higher benefits for users passing through a phase of reduced self-respect and low level of life satisfaction (Ellison et al., 2007). Currently, transition to college has become very easy with the online medium of Facebook. The present generation of college students is getting huge leverage of the computer and internet technology in comparison to past students who used to depend on

Research, Communication, and MLA Formats Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research, Communication, and MLA Formats - Thesis Example Leaders should uphold humility at all costs at work. This is because workers look up to them and are more likely to be inspired by their actions. If a leader acts humbly- not timidly, in front of his/her subjects, he/she elicits a positive response from the subjects. Take for instance a scenario I witnessed at work. It involved a woman who was publicly scorned and belittled by her boss for coming to work late for a week. He even threatened to sack her if she did forego some of her leave days to compensate for the time she lost. His haughtiness did not allow him to find out what was the cause of her lateness. The woman’s son was involved in an accident and was recuperating in hospital. She therefore had to juggle between her work, home and the hospital. Her boss was consequently resented by all workers. If I were her boss, I would have organized a private meeting with her. Scorning her in public will demoralize her. The next step would be to ask for an explanation. After knowing the problem, I would offer both moral and financial support and then give her a short leave. Putting ourselves into other people’s shoes gives us an insight of how people feel. This ultimately builds humility in

A Statistical Analysis of AIDS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Statistical Analysis of AIDS - Research Paper Example The number of individuals acquiring the disease is also increasing. The growing concern today however, lies on the mounting difference in the number of African Americans and their White counterparts being infected or even dying from the disease. Women in particular, have constantly become the subject of people’s concerns regarding the matter of AIDS. This paper aims to present and discuss the statistics regarding the disparity between Blacks and Whites being diagnosed with AIDS. Moreover, the factors affecting this disparity will be presented. The importance of the role of the government in addressing this issue will be discussed and finally, a conclusion will be provided. The Statistics of AIDS in the United States In past statistics, African Americans were found to constitute the majority of individuals infected with AIDS1, 2. In the Black population, males comprised two-thirds or about 65% of new infections3. Furthermore, the rate at which Black men acquire new HIV infectio n is 6 times higher than White men and 2 times higher than black women4. On the other hand, the rate at which Black women acquire new HIV infection is 15 times higher than White women.5As such, the rate of death is also expected to be higher among Black women. Black females have a lower rate of infection in comparison to Black males. However, Black females are more affected by the disease in comparison to women from other races.6The large scale of Black womenbeing infected with, as well as dyingfrom AIDS has attracted attention from different areas and departments of the society. More so since there is yet to be a clear decline in the mortality rates of AIDS-infected African-American womenwhereas mortality rates of AIDS-infected White women have continually decreased. Ethnic disparities concerning HIV/AIDS infection and mortality are consistent in all states.7Figure 1 below presents a comparison of HIV/AIDS mortalities between Black and White populations in the United States. The hu ge difference between the races is evident except perhaps among the 15- to 24-year-old age group where the statistics were almost the same if not, slightly different. Figure 2 below presents the gender and racial comparisons with regards to new cases of HIV infectionin Massachusetts. The large disparity between Black females and White females as well as the large difference between the number of White males and Black males getting infected with AIDS are evident. According to Cole, Church, Fukuda et al.,8the percentage of Black women who have acquired HIV in the year 2006 – 2008 is 51% as compared to 20% of White women. This shows that Black women have almost twice the risk of acquiring the disease as compared to White women. However, it is also shown that from 2006 – 2008, White men have a higher percentage of new infections compared to Black malesin Massachusetts.This could be attributed to gay activities; however, not well-defined. In 2007, it has been reported that HIV was the third leading cause of mortality for black men and women aged 35-44.9 HIV also became the ninth leading cause of mortality for all blacks.10 In fact, about 233,624 Blacks who were diagnosed with AIDS had died in the United States.11 Moreover, African American women were known to be 22 times more likely to die

VLSI Design and Embedded Systems

VLSI Design and Embedded Systems CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation Phase locked loop (PLL) [1-3] is the heart of the many modern electronics as well as communication system. Recently plenty of the researches have conducted on the design of phase locked loop (PLL) circuit and still research is going on this topic. Most of the researches have conducted to realize a higher lock range PLL with lesser lock time [4] and have tolerable phase noise. The most versatile application of the phase locked loops (PLL) is for clock generation and clock recovery in microprocessor, networking, communication systems, and frequency synthesizers. Phase locked-loops (PLLs) are commonly used to generate well-timed on-chip clocks in high-performance digital systems. Modern wireless communication systems employ Phase Locked Loop (PLL) mainly for synchronization, clock synthesis, skew and jitter reduction [5]. Phase locked loops find wide application in several modern applications mostly in advance communication and instrumentation systems. PLL being a mixed signal circuit i nvolves design challenge at high frequency. Since its inspection in early 1930s, where it was used in the synchronization of the horizontal and vertical scans of television, it has come to an advanced form of integrated circuit (IC). Today found uses in many other applications. The first PLL ICs were available around 1965; it was built using purely analog component. Recent advances in integrated circuit design techniques have led to the development of high performance PLL which has become more economical and reliable. Now a whole PLL circuit can be integrated as a part of a larger circuit on a single chip. There are mainly five blocks in a PLL. These are phase frequency detector (PFD), charge pump (CP), low pass loop filter (LPF), voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and frequency divider. Presently almost all communication and electronics devices operate at a higher frequency, so for that purpose we need a faster locking PLL. So there are a lot of challenges in designing the mentioned different blocks of the PLL to operate at a higher frequency. And these challenges motivated me towards this research topic. In this work mainly the faster locking of the PLL is concentrated by properly choosing the circuit architectures and parameters. The optimization of the VCO circuit is also carried out in this work to get a better frequency precision. 1.2 Organization of Thesis Before going into the details of the PLL, the motivation behind this work is mentioned in the Chapter 1 of the thesis. Chapter 2 briefly describes the whole PLL system. An introduction to the PLL circuit is mentioned in the section 2.1. Section 2.2 contains the detail architecture of the whole PLL system. Different types of PLLs are mentioned in the section 2.3. Section 2.4 explains the basic terms used in the PLL system while the consecutive sections give the details about the noise and application of the PLL. Chapter 3 builds the concepts of optimization. Definition of optimization technique and different circuit optimization techniques are presented in section 3.1 and 3.2 respectively. Section 3.3 gives the brief outline of the concept of geometric programming and convex optimization. The optimization of the CSVCO circuit is explained in section 3.4. The design and synthesis of the PLL is described in Chapter 4. The different design environments used in this work is mentioned in the section 4.1. The adopted design procedure is explained in section 4.2. Section 4.3 gives the design specifications and parameters of the work. The simulation results of the different circuits used in the PLL are depicted in the different sections of the Chapter 5. The performance of the CSVCO designed using convex optimization is compared with that of the traditional method in section 5.3. Section 5.5 gives the different simulation results of the PLL and its performance comparison between schematic and post layout level. At last Chapter 6 provides the conclusion that inferred from the work. CHAPTER 2 PHASE LOCKED LOOP 2.1 Introduction A PLL is a closed-loop feedback system that sets fixed phase relationship between its output clock phase and the phase of a reference clock. A PLL is capable of tracking the phase changes that falls in this bandwidth of the PLL. A PLL also multiplies a low-frequency reference clock CKref to produce a high-frequency clock CKout this is known as clock synthesis. A PLL has a negative feedback control system circuit. The main objective of a PLL is to generate a signal in which the phase is the same as the phase of a reference signal. This is achieved after many iterations of comparison of the reference and feedback signals. In this lock mode the phase of the reference and feedback signal is zero. After this, the PLL continues to compare the two signals but since they are in lock mode, the PLL output is constant. The basic block diagram of the PLL is shown in the Figure 2.1. In general a PLL consists of five main blocks: Phase Detector or Phase Frequency Detector (PD or PFD) Charge Pump (CP) Low Pass Filter (LPF) Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) Divide by N Counter The â€Å"Phase frequency Detector† (PFD) is one of the main parts in PLL circuits. It compares the phase and frequency difference between the reference clock and the feedback clock. Depending upon the phase and frequency deviation, it generates two output signals â€Å"UP† and â€Å"DOWN†. The â€Å"Charge Pump† (CP) circuit is used in the PLL to combine both the outputs of the PFD and give a single output. The output of the CP circuit is fed to a â€Å"Low Pass Filter† (LPF) to generate a DC control voltage. The phase and frequency of the â€Å"Voltage Controlled Oscillator† (VCO) output depends on the generated DC control voltage. If the PFD generates an â€Å"UP† signal, the error voltage at the output of LPF increases which in turn increase the VCO output signal frequency. On the contrary, if a â€Å"DOWN† signal is generated, the VCO output signal frequency decreases. The output of the VCO is then fed back to the PFD in or der to recalculate the phase difference, and then we can create closed loop frequency control system. 2.2 PLL Architecture The architecture of a charge-pump PLL is shown in Figure 2.2. A PLL comprises of several components. They are (1) phase or phase frequency detector, (2) charge pump, (3) loop filter, (4) voltage-controlled oscillator, and (5) frequency divider. The functioning of each block is briefly explained below. 2.2.1 Phase Frequency Detector The â€Å"Phase frequency Detector† (PFD) is one of the main part in PLL circuits. It compares the phase and frequency difference between the reference clock and the feedback clock. Depending upon the phase and frequency deviation, it generates two output signals â€Å"UP† and â€Å"DOWN†. Figure 2.3 shows a traditional PFD circuit. If there is a phase difference between the two signals, it will generate â€Å"UP† or â€Å"DOWN† synchronized signals. When the reference clock rising edge leads the feedback input clock rising edge â€Å"UP† signal goes high while keeping â€Å"DOWN† signal low. On the other hand if the feedback input clock rising edge leads the reference clock rising edge â€Å"DOWN† signal goes high and â€Å"UP† signal goes low. Fast phase and frequency acquisition PFDs [6-7] are generally preferred over traditional PFD. 2.2.2 Charge Pump and Loop Filter Charge pump circuit is an important block of the whole PLL system. It converts the phase or frequency difference information into a voltage, used to tune the VCO. Charge pump circuit is used to combine both the outputs of the PFD and give a single output which is fed to the input of the filter. Charge pump circuit gives a constant current of value IPDI which should be insensitive to the supply voltage variation [8]. The amplitude of the current always remains same but the polarity changes which depend on the value of the â€Å"UP† and â€Å"DOWN† signal. The schematic diagram of the charge pump circuit with loop filter is shown in the Figure 2.4. When the UP signal goes high M2 transistor turns ON while M1 is OFF and the output current is IPDI with a positive polarity. When the down signal becomes high M1 transistor turns ON while M2 is OFF and the output current is IPDI with a negative polarity. The charge pump output current [3] is given by IPDI=IPUMP—IPUMP4Ï€Ãâ€"ΔÎ ¦ =2IPUMP4Ï€Ãâ€"ΔÎ ¦ =IPUMP2Ï€Ãâ€"ΔÎ ¦ =KPDIÃâ€"ΔÎ ¦ (1) Where KPDI=IPUMP2Ï€ (amps/radian) (2) The passive low pass loop filter is used to convert back the charge pump current into the voltage. The filter should be as compact as possible [9].The output voltage of the loop filter controls the oscillation frequency of the VCO. The loop filter voltage will increase if Fref rising edge leads Fin rising edge and will decrease if Fin rising edge leads Fref rising edge. If the PLL is in locked state it maintains a constant value. The VCO input voltage is given by Vinvco = KF Ãâ€" IPDI (3) Where KF is the gain of the loop filter. 2.2.3 Voltage Controlled Oscillator An oscillator is an autonomous system which generates a periodic output without any input. The most popular type of the VCO circuit is the current starved voltage controlled oscillator (CSVCO). Here the number of inverter stages is fixed with 5. The simplified view of a single stage current starved oscillator is shown in the Figure 2.5. Transistors M2 and M3 operate as an inverter while M1 and M4 operate as current sources. The current sources, Ml and M4, limit the current available to the inverter, M2 and M3; in other words, the inverter is starved for current. The desired center frequency of the designed circuit is 1GHz with a supply of 1.8V. The CSVCO is designed both in usual manner as mentioned in [3], [10, 11]. The general circuit diagram of the current starved voltage controlled oscillator is shown in the Figure 2.6. To determine the design equations for the CSVCO, consider the simplified view of VCO in Figure 2.5. The total capacitance on the drains of M2 and M3 is given by Ctot=52Cox(LpWp+LnWn) (4) The time it takes to charge Ctot from zero to VSP with the constant current ID4 is given by t1=VSPID4Ãâ€"Ctot (5) While the time it takes to discharge Ctot from VDD to VSP is given by t1=VDD-VSPID1Ãâ€"Ctot (6) If we set ID4= ID1=ID then the sum of t1 and t2 is given by t1+t2=VDDIDÃâ€"Ctot (7) The oscillation frequency of CSVCO for N number of stage is fosc=1Nt1+t2=IDNCtotVDD (8) This is equal to fcenter when Vinvco=VDD2 (9) The gain of the VCO is given by KVCO=fmax-fminVmax-Vmin HzV (10) 2.2.4 Frequency Divider The output of the VCO is fed back to the input of PFD through the frequency divider circuit. The frequency divider in the PLL circuit forms a closed loop. It scales down the frequency of the VCO output signal. A simple D flip flop (DFF) acts as a frequency divider circuit. The schematic of a simple DFF based divide by 2 frequency divider circuit is shown in the Figure 2.7. 2.3 Types of PLL There are mainly 4 types of PLL are available. They are . Liner PLL Digital PLL All Digital PLL Soft PLL 2.4 Terms in PLL 2.4.1 Lock in Range Once the PLL is in lock state what is the range of frequencies for which it can keep itself locked is called as lock in range. This is also called as tracking range or holding range. 2.4.2 Capture Range When the PLL is initially not in lock, what frequency range can make PLL lock is called as capture range. This is also known as acquisition range. This is directly proportional to the LPF bandwidth. Reduction in the loop filter bandwidth thus improves the rejection of the out of band signals, but at the same time the capture range decreases, pull in time becomes larger and phase margin becomes poor. 2.4.3 Pull in Time The total time taken by the PLL to capture the signal (or to establish the lock) is called as Pull in Time of PLL. It is also called as Acquisition Time of PLL. 2.4.4 Bandwidth of PLL Bandwidth is the frequency at which the PLL begins to lose the lock with reference. 2.5 Noises in PLL The output of the practical system deviates from the desired response. This is because of the imperfections and noises in the system. The supply noise also affects the output noise of the PLL system [12]. There are mainly 4 types of noises. They are explained below. 2.5.1 Phase Noise The phase fluctuation due to the random frequency variation of a signal is called as phase noise. This is mostly affected by oscillators frequency stability. The main sources of the phase noise in PLL are oscillator noise [12-15], PFD and frequency divider circuit. The main components of the phase noise are thermal and flicker noise. 2.5.2 Jitter A jitter is the short term-term variations of a signal with respect to its ideal position in time [16-19]. This problem negatively impacts the data transmission quality. Jitter and phase noise are closely related and can be computed one from another [18]. Deviation from the ideal position can occur on either leading edge or trailing edge of signal. Jitter may be induced and coupled onto a clock signal from several different sources and is not uniform over all frequencies. Excessive jitter can increase bit error rate (BER) of communication signal [19]. In digital system Jitter leads to violation in time margins, causing circuits to behave improperly. 2.5.3 Spur Non-desired frequency content not related to the frequency of oscillation and its harmonics is called as â€Å"Spur†. There are mainly two types of spur. They are reference spur and fractional spur. Reference spur comes into picture in an integer PLL while fractional spur plays a major role in fractional PLL. When the PLL is in lock state the phase and frequency inputs to the PFD are essentially equal. There should not be any error output from the PFD. Since this can create problem, so the PFD is designed such that, in the locked state the current pulses from the CP will have a very narrow width as shown in the Figure 2.9. Because of this the input control voltage of the VCO is modulated by the reference signal and thus produces â€Å"Reference Spur† [20]. 2.5.4 Charge Pump Leakage Current When the CP output from the synthesizer is programmed to the high impedance state, in practice there should not be any current flow. But in practical some leakage current flows in the circuit and this is known as â€Å"charge pump leakage current† [20]. 2.6 Applications of PLL The demand of the PLL circuit increases day by day because of its wide application in the area of electronics, communication and instrumentation. The recent applications of the PLL circuits are in memories, microprocessors, hard disk drive electronics, RF and wireless transceivers, clock recovery circuits on microcontroller boards and optical fiber receivers. Some of the PLL applications are mentioned below. 1. Frequency Synthesis A frequency synthesizer is an electronic system for generating a range of frequencies from a single fixed time base or oscillator. 2. Clock Generation Many electronic systems include processors of various sorts that operate at hundreds of megahertz. Typically, the clocks supplied to these processors come from clock generator PLLs, which multiply a lower-frequency reference clock (usually 50 or 100 MHz) up to the operating frequency of the processor. The multiplication factor can be quite large in cases where the operating frequency is multiple GHz and the reference crystal is just tens or hundreds of megahertz. 3. Carrier Recovery (Clock Recovery) Some data streams, especially high-speed serial data streams (such as the raw stream of data from the magnetic head of a disk drive), are sent without an accompanying clock. The receiver generates a clock from an approximate frequency reference, and then phase-aligns to the transitions in the data stream with a PLL. This process is referred to as clock recovery. 4. SkewReduction This is one of the very popular and earliest uses of PLL. Suppose synchronous pair of data and clock lines enter a large digital chip. Since clock typically drives a large number of transistors and logic interconnects, it is first applied to large buffer. Thus, the clock distributed on chip may suffer from substantial skew with respect to data. This is an undesirable effect which reduces the timing budget for on-chip operations. 5. Jitter and Noise Reduction One desirable property of all PLLs is that the reference and feedback clock edges be brought into very close alignment. The average difference in time between the phases of the two signals when the PLL has achieved lock is called the static phase offset. The variance between these phases is called tracking jitter. Ideally, the static phase offset should be zero, and the tracking jitter should be as low as possible. CHAPTER 3 CONVEX OPTIMIZATION OF VCO IN PLL 3.1 What is an optimization technique? Optimization technique is nothing but the finding of the action that optimizes i.e. minimizes or maximizes the result of the objective function. Optimization technique is applied to the circuits aiming at finding out the optimized circuit design parameter to achieve either the best performance or the desired performance. Optimization techniques are a set of most powerful tools that are used in efficiently handling the design resources and there by achieve the best result. Mainly optimization techniques are applied to the circuit for the selection of the component values, devices sizes, and value of the voltage or current source. 3.2 Types of circuit optimization method There are mainly four types of circuit optimization methods exist. They are Classical optimization Knowledge based optimization Global optimization method Convex optimization and geometric programming 3.2.1 Classical Optimization Methods: In case of analog circuit CAD, classical optimization methods [21], such as steepest descent, sequential quadratic programming, and Lagrange multiplier methods are mainly used. These methods are used with more complicated circuit models, including even full SPICE simulations in each iteration. This method can handle a wide variety of problem. For this there is a need of a set of performance measures and computation of one or more derivatives. The main disadvantage of the classical optimization methods is that the global optimal solution is not possible. This method fails to find a feasible design even one exist. This method gives only the local minima instead of global solution. Since many different initial designs are considered to get the global optimization, the method becomes slower. Because of the human intervention (to give â€Å"good† initial designs), the method becomes less automated. The classical methods become slow if complex models are used. 3.2.2 Knowledge-Based Methods: Knowledge-based and expert-systems methods such as genetic algorithm or evolution systems, systems based on Fuzzy logic, and heuristics-based systems have also been widely used in analog circuit CAD [21]. In case of knowledge based methods, there are few limitations on the types of problems, specifications, and performance measures that are to be considered. These methods do not require the computation of the derivatives. This is not possible to find a global optimal design solution using these methods. The final design is decided on the basis of the initial design chosen and the algorithm parameters. The disadvantage of the knowledge based methods is that they simply fail to find a feasible solution even when one may exist. There is a need of human intervention during the design and the training process. 3.2.3 Global Optimization Methods: Global optimization methods such as branch and bound and simulated annealing are also used in analog circuit design [21]. These methods are guaranteed to find the global optimal design solution. The global optimal design is determined by the branch and bound methods unambiguously. In each iteration, a suboptimal feasible design and also a lower bound on the achievable performance is maintained by this method. This enables the algorithm to terminate non-heuristically, i.e., with complete confidence that the global design has been found within a given tolerance. The branch and bound method is extremely slow, with computation growing exponentially with problem size. The trapping in a locally optimal design can be avoided by using simulated annealing (SA). This method can compute the global optimal solution but not guaranteed. Since there is no real-time lower bound is available, so termination is heuristic. This method can also handle a wide variety of performance indices and objects. T he main advantage of SA is that it handles the continuous variables and discrete variables problems efficiently and reduces the chances of getting a non-globally optimal design. The only problem with this method is that it is very slow and can not guarantee a global optimal solution. 3.2.4 Convex Optimization and Geometric Programming Methods: Geometric programming methods are special optimization problems in which the objective and constraint functions are all convex [22-24]. Convex optimization technique can solve the problems having a large number of variables and constraints very efficiently [22]. The main advantage of this method for which people generally adopt is that the method gives the global solution. Infeasibility is unambiguously detected. Since a lower bound on the achievable performance is given, so the method uses a completely non- heuristic stopping criterion. 3.3 Geometric programming and convex optimization Geometric programming is a special type of optimization technique in which all the objective must be convex. Before applying this technique it has to confirm that whether the given problem is convex optimization problem or not. Convex optimization problem means the problem of minimizing a convex function subject to convex inequality constraints and linear equality constraints. In IC integration convex optimization and geometric programming has become a more efficient computational tool for optimization purpose. This method has an ability to handle thousands of variables and constraints and solve efficiently. The main advantage of convex optimization technique is that it gives the global optimized value and the robust design. The fact that geometric programs can be solved very efficiently has a number of practical consequences. For example, the method can be used to simultaneously optimize the design of a large number of circuits in a single large mixed-mode integrated circuit. The de signs of the individual circuits are coupled by constraints on total power and area, and by various parameters that affect the circuit coupling such as input capacitance, output resistance, etc. Convex optimization is used to find out the optimized value of these parameter and sizing of the devices in the circuit [25]. Another application is to use the efficiency to obtain robust designs i.e., designs that are guaranteed to meet a set of specifications over a variety of processes or technology parameter values. This is done by simply replicating the specifications with a (possibly large) number of representative process parameters, which is practical only because geometric programs with thousands of constraints are readily solved. A real valued function fx defined on an interval (space) is called convex if ftx1+1-tx2≠¤tfx1+1-tfx2 (11) For every t,0 In the Figure 3.1 function fx is represented as a convex function on an interval. The convex optimization problem is in the form of minimize f0x Subjected to fix≠¤1 , i=1, 2, 3†¦, m gix=1 , i=1, 2, 3†¦, p xi>1 , i=1, 2, 3†¦, n Where fix is a posynomial function gix is a monomial function Let x1,x2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦xn be n real positive variables. We can denote the vector (xi,xi†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.xi) of these variables asx. A function f is called a posynomial function of x if it has the form fix1,x2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦xn=k=1tCkx1ÃŽ ±1kx2ÃŽ ±2k†¦..xnÃŽ ±nk (12) Where Cj≠¥0 and ÃŽ ±ij à Ã‚ µ R. The coefficients Cj must be nonnegative but the exponents ÃŽ ±ij can be any real numbers including negative or fractional. When there is exactly one nonzero term in the sum i.e. t=1 and C1>0, we call f is a monomial function. 3.3.1 Advantages:  § Handle thousands of variables and constraints and solve efficiently.  § Global optimization can be obtained. 3.3.2 Disadvantages: * Strictly limited to types of problems, performance specification and objectives that can be handled. 3.4 Optimization of the VCO circuit In my earlier design of the VCO circuit, the sizes of all the five inverter stages are same. Now the convex optimization technique is applied to find out the optimal scaling ratio of the different inverter stages to get the optimal design with a better performance. There are 5 inverter stages and the design has to give a delay of 100ps. The load capacitance of the VCO circuit is 65 fF. All these design constraints are formulated and applied to the convex optimization technique. Mainly optimization techniques are applied for selection of component values and transistor sizing. In this work I have used the geometric programming technique to find out the optimized scaling ratio of the different stages in CSVCO to meet the desired center frequency with lesser deviation. Let xi is the scaling ration of the ith stage, CL is the load capacitance, and D is the total delay of the inverter stages then optimization problem is in the form of Minimize sum (xi) Subjected to CL≠¤CLmax D≠¤Dmax Where CLmax and Dmax are required design parameters and has a constant value. CHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF PLL 4.1 Design Environment The schematic level design entry of the circuits is carried out in the CADENCE Virtuoso Analog Design Environment. The layout of the PLL is designed in Virtuoso XL using GPDK090 library. In order to analyze the performances, these circuits are simulated in the Spectre simulator of CADENCE tool. Different performance indices such as phase noise, power consumption and lock time are measured in this environment. Transient, parametric sweep and phase noise analyses are carried out in this work to find out the performances of the circuit. The optimization of the current starved VCO circuit, the scale factor for transistor sizing is found out using the MATLAB environment. 4.2 Design Procedure 4.2.1 VCO Design Since VCO is the heart of the whole PLL system, it should be designed in a proper manner. The design steps for the current starved VCO are as follows. Step 1 Find the value of the propagation delay for each stage of the inverter in the VCO circuit using the following equation. Ï„p=1Nf (13) Where Ï„p= Ï„phl= Ï„plh= half of the propagation delay time of the inverter N= no of inverter stages f= required center frequency of oscillation Step 2 Find the WL ratio for the transistors in the different inverter stages using the equation in below. WL n=CloadÏ„phl µnCoxVdd-VT,n2VT,nVdd-VT,n+ln4Vdd-VT,nVdd-1 (14) WL p=CloadÏ„plh µpCoxVdd-VT,p2VT,pVdd-VT,p+ln4Vdd-VT,pVdd-1 (15) Step 3 After finding the WL ratio, find the values for W and L. Step 4 Find the value of the total capacitance form the expression Ctot=52Cox(LpWp+LnWn) (16) Where Cox is the oxide capacitance Lp,Wp,Ln,Wn is the width and length of the PMOS and NMOS transistors in the inverter stages. Step 5 Calculate the value of drain current for the center frequency which is given by IDcenter=NCtotVddf (17) Step 6 Find the WL ratio for the current starving transistors in the circuit from the drain current expression which is represented as WL n=2Ãâ€"IDcenter µnCoxVgs-VT,n2 (18) Similarly WL p=2.5Ãâ€"WL n (19) 4.2.2 Design of Phase Locked Loop The value of the charge pump current and the component parameters of the loop filter play a major role in the design of the phase locked loop circuit. The value of the lock time mainly depends upon these parameters. So while designing the circuit proper care should be taken in calculating these parameters. For the given values of reference(Fref) and output frequency(Fout) as well as the lock in range, the following steps to be carried out in designing the filter circuit. Step 1 Find the value of the divider circuit to be used which is given by n=FoutFref (20) Step 2 Find the value of the natural frequency (ωn) from the lock in range as given below lock in range=2Ãâ€"ÃŽ ¾Ãƒâ€"ωn (21) Step 3 Find the value of the charge pump gain (KPDI) from the charge pump current used in the circuit which is given by KPDI=Ipump2Ï€ (Amps/radian) (22) Step 4 Find the value of the gain of the VCO (Kvco) circuit from the characteristics curve using the following expression. Kvco=fmax-fminVmax-Vmin (Hz/V) (23) Step 5 Find the values of the loop filter component parameters using the following expressions. C1=KPDIÃâ€"KvcoNωn2 (24) C2=C110 (25) R=2ÃŽ ¾Ãâ€°nC1 (26) 4.3 Design Specifications and Parameters 4.3.1 VCO Design Specification The current starved VCO design specifications are mentioned in the following table. Table 1 VCO design specifications 4.3.2 VCO Design Parameters Table 2 List of design parameters of the CSVCO circuit 4.3.3 PLL Design Parameters The whole PLL system design specifications and parameters are shown in the Table 3. Parameter Value Reference frequency((Fref) 500 MHz output frequency(Fout) 1 GHz Lock in range 100 MHz

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education School Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet Copyright infringement, i.e., plagiarism is a crime that is occurring at epidemic rates in todayà °s society. Plagiarism can be found everywhere in this new age of technology. This is partially due to the fact that it is so easy to commit, as there are numerous resources on the Internet that people can use to pass off as their own work. However, it is also becoming easier to catch, as there are many sources on the web that work with people to catch those who are attempting to pass off other peoples ideas and words as their own. Today I decided to do a search on Yahoo about buying papers on the Internet. To my surprise over seven hundred thousand results came back with web sites where you could purchase a paper or essay of some sort. Although these web-sites all contain a disclaimer stating that under no circumstances should you try to pass their papers off as your own, the urge is just too hard to resist for some people. They see this as an easy way to get out of writing that paper they have been dreading working on even though it is illegal and these web sites state that you must site their web-site if you use any portion of the paper that they provided you with. Other people canà °t bring themselves to pay the money for a paper so they choose to simply cut and paste information from a web site with their topic into their own paper. Although there are many people that blatantly plagiarize, there are also some that do so unintentionally. It is easy to plagiarize if you dont know how to cite information in a paper properly. Countless amounts of people put quotes or the citation in the wrong place, which often results in plagiarism. This can also occur when a person does not properly paraphrase a statement that they got from a source. Therefore, it is quite easy to commit plagiarism whether you mean to or not. In this new decade of technology it is becoming easier for teachers and professors to catch plagiarizers, for example the web sites such as www.

Goals of Dr. Victor Frankenstein Essay

The soul and life of man is a precious thing, something not to be trifled with or experimented on without thinking of the potential ramifications of doing so. Doctor Victor Frankenstein did not put much thought into the consequences of advancing the natural sciences while playing God with mortals. Victor Frankenstein grew, morally, through the course of the book, Frankenstein. Initially, Victor set out to further advance natural science as well as cheat death. As the tale progressed, however, he began to regret his course of action almost immediately after his monster awoke. Doctor Victor Frankenstein was young and naà ¯ve; he planned to discover the undiscovered. In other studies you go as far as others have gone before you, and there is nothing more to know; but in a scientific pursuit there is continual food for discovery and wonder (Frankenstein 35-6). Victor believed he could perform an act of God without consequence. He committed vile offenses against the natural laws of humanity by taking pieces of the recently deceased and compiling them into one, presumably soulless, being. He failed to see the true meaning of death, to realize passing away is just a natural part of life and nothing can truly stop this ordinary occurrence. In the words of Derek Dawidson, Death is about moving onto another existence and life is trying to figure out your lifes rebirth or beginning of a life. You are to follow your path whether it is full of conquest or self destruction (Dawidson). Victor slowly began to realize his actions were immoral and crimes against humanity itself. He only realized the extensiveness of his atrocities when his monster was given the gift of life. Throughout the tale of Victor Frankenstein he slowly begins to question his actions, before finally regretting them and attempting to make amends. When he meets Robert Walton his regret is evident as is his attempt to safeguard any future mayhem from being committed. You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes many not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been. I do not know that the relation of my disasters will be useful to you; yet, when I reflect that you are pursuing the same course, exposing yourself to the same dangers which have rendered me what I am, I imagine that you may deduce an apt moral from my tale (Frankenstein 15). Victor warns Robert to be wary of his actions and to take heed of his thirst to make new discoveries. His message to Robert is simple, insanity and obsession on a single goal only leads a man down the path of self-destruction. Victor has grown to know when to stop an obsession, however unable to do so for his own. A man playing God with his fellow mortals only leads one down the path of true self-destruction. Doctor Victor Frankenstein began as a guiltless man, aiming to further increase his knowledge and love of the natural sciences. His decisions led to the creation of a creature, which had no equal, no mate, nothing to share its woes with. Victor discovered how wrong he was, too late to make amends for his crimes. He may have made a living thing with science, but he did not think of the ramifications his actions would have upon this poor creature. Works Cited Dawidson, Derek. Online Interview. 16 Mar. 2009. Pagano, Zachary. Online Interview. 16 Mar. 2009. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein Bantam Books. New York, New York: Broadway, 1991. 15-36

Law Reform Essay

This report will focus on the contemporary law reform issue of young drivers and the law. Firstly this report will outline what young drivers and the law is. Secondly this report will examine the conditions that give rise to the need for law reform. Thirdly the agencies and mechanisms of reform will be identified. Finally, the effectiveness of the law reform process of the law reform process in achieving just outcomes in reform to young drivers and the law will be discussed. This report will conclude that the law reform process is effective but some areas are not considerate. What is the contemporary issue? Young drives and the law is referring to how young drivers are given laws due to the issues that occur. Due to this we are trying to lower the rates of death and insure safety for all drivers. Conditions that give rise to the need for law reform: Law reform is the process of changing the law to make it more current, correct defects, simply it and remedy injustice. Young drivers are twice as likely to be involved in fatal accidents, caught drink driving or caught speeding. The reasons for law reform are shown bellow: -Changing social values -New concepts of justice -New technology Changes to young drivers licences, the amount of hours they have to do or speed limits are changes to the law and reflect various groups in the community who want young drivers to get more experience and therefore be safer and more experienced drivers. This causes social conditions to change and the attitudes after so many fatal incidents involving young drivers. A new concept of justice is referring to when laws and outcomes are unjust in the way we live, so this law will need to be reformed. A way that new a concept of justice has been met is that young drivers are unable to drink any alcohol while on their L’s. This stops accidents and is decreasing the traffic offences on the road New technology causes new laws to be formed so there is no unfair usage of this technology and sometimes it takes time to ensure that all aspects of safety is met. Young drivers, and any drivers have to understand the law regarding texting, as this distracts the driver behind the vehicle. Agencies and mechanisms of reform For a law to be reformed, there is a long and usually costly process that needs to occur. Reasons for the law to be reformed are that it is no longer able to relate to society, dated or is not fair to needs and wants of the public. There are many different agencies of reform for young drivers and the law but the main areas are the NSW Law Reform Commission and the media. The way in which a law is reformed is by passing a bill – to do this, these seven steps must occur: 1.Formulations stage 2.Drafting bill stage 3.First reading 4.Second reading 5.Committee stage 6.Third reading 7.Royal Assent Stage The NSW Law Reform Commission is representing the state when reforming the laws that are no longer valid for today’s society. When research is done into changings laws, the public is always consulted. For the law to be changed there is a process that is taken into consideration. A reform has recently occurred to low the rates of deaths in P plate drivers. Due to this reform ‘‘the number of P1-plate driver deaths dropped 21 per cent (from 19 to 15) while the number of people killed in P1-plate related crashes dropped 20 per cent, (from 35 to 28)’’ said Eric Roozendaal in 2008. The media allows the public to be informed about issues that are occurring without impute from the government. This can encourage law reform to show opinions and views on different topics but can also slow down the law reform process. The media have done this by writing articles such as ‘A license to save young lives’, which is informing the public about personal views on how reforms should occur as death rates with the young are increasing. This article is asking people their personal view on the hours in which young drivers should be allowed to drive in – the law has recently be reformed to state that only one passenger can be taken past 11pm on a P plate licences. A mechanism of law reform is about how the law actually changes – courts, parliaments, the United Nations or intergovernmental organisations can do this. Due to the Motor Traffic Act 1909 (NSW) the law is always being reformed to adjust with society – society usually can send letters, make lobby groups about issues such as young drivers and the law to ensure safety within society. These issues are then addressed to the government and it is the government’s role to address the issues.